Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing public health concern in Indonesia, with increasing prevalence and significant complications. Public knowledge about diabetes is crucial for early detection, prevention, and management. This study aimed to assess diabetes knowledge among communities in Pontianak City using a cross-sectional approach. A total of 422 participants were selected from six primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas) through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics and diabetes knowledge. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Chi-square, and regression models to determine the factors associated with knowledge scores. The mean diabetes knowledge score was 68.4% (SD = 14.7), with significant variations among Puskesmas (p = 0.03). Post hoc analysis showed that respondents from Puskesmas Alianyang had significantly higher knowledge scores than those from Puskesmas Saigon and Gang Sehat. Education level was significantly associated with diabetes knowledge (p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified age and education level as significant predictors of knowledge scores (p < 0.05), with younger and more educated participants demonstrating better awareness. Diabetes knowledge among Pontianak communities is moderate, with disparities across different healthcare centers. Higher education and younger age were associated with better knowledge. Targeted educational interventions, particularly for older and less-educated populations, are essential to enhance diabetes awareness and management. Strengthening community-based health education programs in Puskesmas can help bridge knowledge gaps and improve diabetes prevention efforts.